CHARLEMAGNE biography:

He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned Imperator Augustus by Pope LLeo0 · on 25 December 800. His rule is also associated with the CaROLIGNIAN rEINASSENCE, a revival of art, religion, and culture through the medium of the Catholic Church.Charlemagne wore the traditional costume of thre frankish people, described by Einhard thus.

The language in either case suggests that there were not two inheritances, which would have created distinct kings ruling over distinct kingdoms, but a single joint inheritance and a joint kingship tenanted by two equal kings, Charles and his brother Carloman. As before, distinct jurisdictions were awarded. Charles received Pepin's original share as Mayor: the outer parts of the kingdom, bordering on the sea, namely Neustria, western Aquitaine, and the northern parts of austrasia, while Carloman was awarded his uncle's former share: the inner parts: southern Austrasia, Septim<ni<, eastern Aquitaine, Burgundy, Provence, and Swabia, lands bordering on Italy. The question of whether these jurisdictions were joint shares reverting to the other brother if one brother died or were inherited property passed on to the descendants of the brother who died was never definitely settled by the Frankish people. It came up repeatedly over the succeeding decades until the grandsons of Charlemagne created distinct sovereign kingdoms.The Latin chronicles on the end of Visigothic Hispania leave much to be desired: identification of characters, filling in the gaps and reconciliation of the numerous contradictions.The Saracensources, however, present a more coherent view, such as the Ta'rikh iftitah al-Andalus ("Tariq invades al-Andalus") by Qutiya, "the son of the Gothic woman," meaning by the named woman Sarah, granddaughter of the last king of all Visigothic Spain, who married a Saracen. Ibn al-Qūṭiyya, who had another, much longer name, must have been relying to some degree on family oral tradition.As an administrator, Charlemagne stands out for his many reforms: monetary, governmental, military, cultural, and ecclesiastical. He is the main protagonist of the "Carolingian Renaissance."

Organisms Cells Questions about:

                                                                 Organisms

1. Levels of organisation

Abiotic and biotic levels we can find in living matter

2. What is an organism made of ?

The organisms are made of water, salts, sugars, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and each one of these do an importan action in the organism

3. What are the insides of cells like ?

shapes, cellular membrane, cytoplasm, the nucleus

4. What do cells during their life span ?

cells, like other living organisms, are constantly active. this allows them to stay alive and produce descendants

5. How do cells join together and how are they organised ?


By the thalus and tissues 


6. What we mean by levels of organisation and to list the different kinds of leve


Abiotic in this kind of levels of organisation , the components are not alive, therefore, these levels exist in inert matter, in biotic , the components are alive and so these levels are exclusive to living beings.l


7. To correctly define what we mean by a cell, to analyse its composition, its structure and cellular activity.


we have two types of cellular levels, cellular level and multi-cellular level, the cell is the most important and 
fundamental part of a living things, the cells forms tissues, organs, organ systems and a organism 


8. how tissues, organs and systems of organs are formed where cellular differentiation is carried out

tissues are sets of specialised cells which have the same fuction and the same origin , organs are the structural and functional units of superior living beings, they are made up of various different tissues which are joined together to carry out a specific function.


9. to list the differences between a plant and an animal cell.

a plant cell have chloroplast, the centrosome is find only in animals, cilia and flagella are only found in animals

10. to describe different kinds of plant and animal tissue, the role they and their location within the organism.


the epidermal tissue in plants prevents the plant from drying up and in roots it allows the absorption of water and salts, the parenquimitic tissue in plants carries out the photosynthesis, suberose tissue that brings protection, meristematic tissueis responsible for the growth of plants, conductor tissues transportes substances, some animals tissues like covering , connecting , muscular, blood and nerve tissues let us to make the movements and functions in our body the humans is also includes in the groups of animals.

PD:In this Video we could see and interesting explication about the theme !!

Geography Blog

This Blos is dedicated for all the recently news about geography themes:

COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD:

Unless we don't count Taiwan, Taiwan is not consiedered a country for many people and states, countries but for others is a normal country, so the the list bring down to 195 countries, actually in the ONU are 192 members or countries is incredible know that the FIFA organization have more members that ONU , Switzerland and Montenegro are the new members since 2002 and 2006 respectively, but the recently newet country is South Sudan , wich gained independence form Sudan in Africa on July 9, 2011, also Kosovo is a new country but is not a ONU member yet, in 2008 Kosovo separate of Serbia and begin th new country, Since 1990 , 29 new nations come being, 14 countries of Sovietic union and seven of Yugoslavia. There are 61 colonies now around the world, Hooland, France, USA, United Kingdom, Denmark, New Zealand , Australia, Norway administrated that colonies.

PD: visit Taiwan or check the New Nations Guide and the List of Colonies

ESTEBAN BLOGS

Information about Geography, History and Science make a puzzle or make a quiz

SCIENCE BLOG

What is the difference between organic matter and inorganic matter ?
 

• Organic matter was associated with living things (biological origin: flora, forna, food, us) and was assumed to possess a vital-force, an indefinable characteristic that separated living organisms and materials derived from living organisms from inanimate inorganic matter:
• Inorganic matter is of geological origin: minerals, rock, sea, air

What is a mineral matter ?
Inorganic materials having a distinct chemical composition, characteristic crystalline structure, colour, and hardness

 How can you identify Minerals ? What are their physical properties ?

Most common minerals can be identified by inspecting or testing their physical properties. These properties are color, streak, transparency, luster,hardness, cleavage, fracture, specific gravity, and crystal form.

 What is the chemical composition of mineral matter ?


Chemical composition and crystal structure determine a mineral's properties, including density, shape, hardness, and color.


 Which characteristic is most important in a crystal structure? 
 

The variety of minerals we see depend on the chemical elements available to form them. In the Earth's crust the most abundant elements are as follows:
O, Oxygen 45.2% by weight  Si, Silicon 27.2%  Al, Aluminum 8.0%  Fe, Iron 5.8%  Ca, Calcium 5.1%   Mg, Magnesium 2.8%   Na, Sodium 2.3%   Ti ,Titanium 0.9% 
 K, Potassium 1.7% 
 H, Hydrogen 0.14%   Mn, Manganese 0.1%   P, Phosphorous 0.1%

 How are minerals classified ?

Anthracite Coal: Organic sedimentary rocks form from the build up and decay of plant and animal material. This usually forms in swamp regions in which there is an abundant supply of growing vegetation and low amounts of oxygen.

Gneiss is a high grade metamorphic rock. This means that gneiss has been subjected to more heat and pressure than schist. 

Marble is metamorphosed limestone or dolomite. Both limestone and dolomite have a large concentration of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). 

Quartzite is composed of sandstone that has been metamorphosed. Quartzite is much harder than the parent rock, sandstone. It forms from sandstone that has come into contact with deeply buried magmas. 

Schist is a medium grade metamorphic rock. This means that it has been subjected to more heat and pressure than slate, which is a low grade metamorphic rock. 

Slate is a fine-grained metamorphic rock with perfect cleavage that allows it to split into thin sheets. Slate usually has a light to dark brown streak. Slate is produced by low grade metamorphism, which is caused by relatively low temperatures and pressures.

WELOCOME

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